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Gods and demons fiction
Gods and demons fiction () is a subgenre of fantasy fiction that revolves around the deities, immortals, and monsters of Chinese mythology. The term ''shenmo xiaoshuo'', which was coined in the early 20th century by the writer and literary historian Lu Xun, literally means "fiction of gods and demons".〔(Chun 2011, p. 120 )〕 Works of shenmo fiction include the novels ''Journey to the West'' and ''The Investiture of the Gods''.〔Wang 1997, p. 201〕
==History==
''Shenmo'' first appeared in the Ming Dynasty as a genre of vernacular fiction,〔Lu 1959, p. 198〕 a style of writing based on spoken Chinese rather than Classical Chinese. The roots of the genre are found in traditional folktales and legends.〔Lu 1959, p. 199〕 Plot elements like the use of magic and alchemy were derived from Chinese mythology and religion, including Taoism and Buddhism, popular among Ming intellectuals.〔Lu 1959, p. 198〕
The ''Sorcerer's Revolt'' (''Pingyao zhuan'') is an early gods and demons novel written by Luo Guanzhong.〔Lu 1959, p. 198〕〔Lu 1959, p. 419〕 In the story, Wang Ze begins a rebellion against the government with the aid of magic.〔Lu 1959, pp. 176–177〕 The ''Four Journeys'' (''Siyouji'') is another early ''shenmo'' work composed of four novels and published during the dynasty as a compilation of folk stories.〔Lu 1959, p. 190〕 The ''Story of Han Xiangzi'' (''Han xiangzi quanzhuan''), a Taoist novel from the same period, also shares this supernatural theme but contains heavier religious overtones.〔Yang 2008, p. xxxii〕
The most well known examples of ''shenmo'' fiction are ''Journey to the West'' (''Xiyouji'') and ''The Investiture of the Gods'' (''Fengshen yanyi'').〔Wang 1997, p. 201〕 ''Journey to the West'' in particular is considered by Chinese literary critics as the ''chef-d'oeu·vre'' of ''shenmo'' novels.〔Yu 2008, p. 44〕 The novel's authorship is attributed to Wu Cheng'en and was first published in 1592 by Shitedang, a Ming publishing house.〔Chun 2011, p. 120〕 The popularity of ''Journey to the West'' inspired a series of ''shenmo'' copycats that borrowed plot elements from the book.〔Chun 2011, p. 120〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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